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- <text id=92TT0515>
- <title>
- Mar. 09, 1992: Cutting Through The Myth
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Mar. 09, 1992 Fighting the Backlash Against Feminism
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ART, Page 76
- Cutting Through The Myth
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A show sweeps aside the Hollywood image of Toulouse-Lautrec and
- takes a full, clear look at his vibrant achievement
- </p>
- <p>By Robert Hughes
- </p>
- <p> The retrospective of some 170 paintings, prints and
- drawings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, after an earlier run at
- London's Hayward Gallery, rounds off the great series of
- overviews of 19th century French artists given us by French,
- American and English museums over the past 15 years. Every one
- of these--Manet, Courbet, Cezanne, Seurat, Monet, even the
- disappointing Renoir--has altered the way one thinks about the
- achievements of French art and deeply revised one's view of the
- individual painters. The Toulouse-Lautrec show, curated by an
- English art historian, Richard Thomson, and two French ones,
- Claire Freches-Thory and Anne Roquebert of the Musee d'Orsay,
- is no exception. A few important paintings could not be had, but
- Lautrec has never been seen as fully as this before, or put as
- firmly and intelligently in his contexts, both aesthetic and
- social.
- </p>
- <p> Lautrec needed this show--desperately, almost. Being a
- myth is hard on a painter, and worse for his work. And for most
- people, thanks not only to Hollywood but also to ideas about his
- work that emerged nearly as soon as it did, Lautrec is a myth--the crippled, dwarfish child of aristocratic birth,
- condemned to deformity by his own family's inbreeding, who
- defied his father and fled from the confines of his class to
- join the outcasts in Montmartre, becoming the peintre maudit of
- French bohemia, recording its life and seedy joys as no artist
- had ever done and dying, at last, of drink at 36. What a recipe!
- </p>
- <p> And what misunderstandings it has produced. Chief among
- these is the idea of Lautrec as a cross between isolated genius
- and man of the people, whose deformity (and the sense of
- outsidership it fostered) resonated with his marginal subjects--the whores, dancers, cabaret singers, the proletariat in
- search of cheap lurid pleasure, in sum the Montmartre demimonde--to produce a truly "compassionate" art. This is largely a
- sentimental fiction, as Thomson argues in detail in the show's
- excellent catalog.
- </p>
- <p> Lautrec was an astoundingly precise observer; his ability
- to capture pose, expression, the slightest nuance of body
- language in a single inflection of line was extraordinary, and
- can only have come from the combination of an unflagging
- interest in human behavior and sharp reductive power. But he was
- about as compassionate as a rattlesnake. Lautrec's attitude to
- the lower classes he chose to paint was dominated by his
- instinct, as an aristocratic French male, for keeping a certain
- distance from them and seeing them from above--or at least,
- from a spot well to the side of their lives. His work does not
- "identify," as the cliche goes, with the folk at the Moulin
- Rouge. He watched them as one might watch fish in an aquarium,
- fascinated by their colors and movements and finding irony in
- their routines of spawning and social display.
- </p>
- <p> Anarchists like Felix Feneon praised his work for its
- social insight, and a journalist in 1893 credited him with
- creating "the epic of the lower classes"--a visual equivalent,
- as it were, to Zola, Balzac and other literary realists whose
- project was to record the "real" France, top to bottom. But
- there is no echo whatever, in Lautrec's paintings or in his
- recorded remarks, of the political ferment that pervaded the
- intellectual and street life of Paris in the 1890s. And in terms
- of sexual politics, the seedy, overheated rooms of Lautrec's
- brothels are not much different from the satin bower in which,
- rather more than a century before, Boucher painted the rosy
- buttocks of the royal mistress Miss O'Murphy. It's just that
- they smell more real, even as Lautrec takes his sardonic delight
- in aestheticizing them in a different way, as emblems of what
- the age called decadence.
- </p>
- <p> The right word for Lautrec's art is not directly
- translatable: faisande, the strong gaminess, caused by rot, of
- a well-hung pheasant. It is everywhere in his work. You see it
- in the smearily defiant look and plunging neckline of La Goulue
- barging into the Moulin Rouge on the arms of her two women
- companions; in the arrogant set of Aristide Bruant's head above
- the bogus worker's costume he wore to perform his argot songs.
- It is written all over the seamed face and pouched eyes of the
- English tourist who has just accosted a pair of girls in the
- Moulin Rouge and is making a none-too-silken proposition to one
- of them, who recoils slightly.
- </p>
- <p> In Lautrec, professionalism and unsparing wit go hand in
- hand. He longed for professional recognition--and got it, at
- last, from the implacable Edgar Degas, who in 1893 took a hard
- look at his work and pronounced, "Well, Lautrec, you're clearly
- one of us." Practically the only area of art he never worked in
- was sculpture; in the rest, he crossed boundaries with elegance
- and fluency, turning himself into the most inventive poster
- artist of his age in images that seem to bridge the
- epigrammatic world of the Japanese wood block and the
- declamatory, populist one of emerging mass media.
- </p>
- <p> Think of Lautrec and you think, first, of line--graceful, nervous, stabbing out to kill from behind a screen of
- negligent-looking spontaneity. His energy was abrasive, and
- where it touched the world, it threw off hot, stinging little
- sparks like an emery wheel. When his poster Queen of Joy, 1892--advertising a now forgotten novel by Victor Joze--with its
- mordant image of the courtesan kissing the fleshy nose of a fat
- banker, went up on the walls of Paris, a pair of stockbroker's
- clerks were sent out to tear down every one they could find.
- </p>
- <p> In such works Lautrec comes close to his idols Daumier and
- Goya. He would not generalize; every figure acquires a specific
- energy, and each countenance is its own face, not merely a mask
- of passion or a symbol of social role. A little bareback rider's
- squinched-up face above the massive, churning crupper of a
- stallion in the Cirque Fernando, 1887-88; the Cyrano nose and
- signature black gloves of Yvette Guilbert; the weird cadaverous
- prancing of Valentin the Boneless--these images live on as
- obdurately as the traits of Dickens' characters.
- </p>
- <p> But as this show makes clear, the high point of Lautrec's
- art is not the cabaret scenes, bursting with character and
- morose, raucous appetite, so much as the late brothel pictures,
- which fluctuate with such marvelous ambiguity between desire and
- repulsion, between the sentimental and the caricatural, while
- preserving (for the most part) a strict and innately
- aristocratic distance. One side of Lautrec was a goatish, little
- skeptic who regarded sex as a semiexcretory function--"To make
- love," he once said, "it doesn't matter what you're with--anything will do." The other side was extremely tender, and it
- comes out most clearly in the paintings of lesbians (a favorite
- literary topic in Paris in the '90s, but rarely treated in art
- with anything like Lautrec's sympathy).
- </p>
- <p> Except to amuse his friends, Lautrec rarely drew couples
- actually copulating; the character of his brothel scenes is that
- of inaction, waiting, even boredom, and in this they were
- perfectly true to the social world they addressed, since most
- of the life of a girl in a maison close was taken up with
- sitting around. The tedium of the big-city seraglio becomes
- monumental, almost Egyptian, with In the Salon at the Rue des
- Moulins, circa 1894.
- </p>
- <p> Lautrec prepared this painting with the kind of care he
- had learned to give historical subjects during his student
- training at Cormon's academy. There are six immobile figures:
- one standing with her chemise hiked up as though getting ready
- for a medical inspection; the other five sitting in postures of
- frozen relaxation on the big plum-colored sofas. Madame presides
- in her lilac dress, like a weary priestess at a rite. The
- self-conscious geometry of the poses, dominated by the black
- angular legs of the girl in the foreground, reinforces the plush
- silence.
- </p>
- <p> This, one realizes, is Lautrec's sardonic revisitation of
- the timeless Arcadia, whose images in older French painters
- like Puvis de Chavannes he had mercilessly parodied as a
- student: a classic instance of how an artist may be
- unconsciously captivated by the very thing he had sought to
- escape.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-